The history of the creation of Hamas underground tunnels and the Israeli army's fight against them. The Israeli army has published footage of Hamas underground tunnels discovered and destroyed. Now underground tunnels are the main problem of the Israeli army, the fact is that Hamas does not enter into open confrontation with the Israeli army. Hamas' tactics are to go through a tunnel to a point and attack military equipment from it. Underground tunnels began to be created 30 years ago, the total length of tunnels under the Gaza Strip is now about 500 kilometers. Usually the height of the tunnel is 2 meters and the width is 1 meter, but there are also tunnels in which a passenger car can also pass. The tunnels are laid at a depth of up to 70 meters and they usually lead from the Gaza Strip to Egypt and Israel. Tunnel exits are difficult to detect and are located in homes, hospitals and even schools, as reported by the UN in 2022. The main purpose of the tunnels is to smuggle goods and weapons from Egypt, attack Israeli settlements, soldiers and take hostages. The tunnels are also used as bases for the manufacture and storage of weapons, hospitals, warehouses and for holding hostages there. The Israeli army destroys the tunnels, filling them with concrete and water, striking the places where the tunnels are discovered, but this fight does not bring much success, since the creation of new tunnels is ongoing. This process especially accelerated in 2006 when the Hamas group won the elections in 2006 in the Palestinian Authority. The tunnels are being built by residents of the Gaza Strip hired by the Hamas group. The salary of builders is from 150 to 300 dollars, the working day is up to 12 hours, the speed of creating tunnels is up to 5 meters per day.
Israel Defense Forces
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The Israeli army has published footage of its divers working on the Mediterranean coast near the Gaza Strip. Dozens of Hamas weapons were found underwater, the IDF said. The finds included grenades, explosive belts and other dangerous items. All weapons found were destroyed by sappers right on the beach.
Israeli defense concern Rafael Advanced Defense presented an improved configuration of the Spyder All in One air defense system. The new version of the Spyder All in One air defense system includes a built-in radar, an electro-optical radar, an improved command and control system, as well as two types of Python and Derby interceptor missiles located on a mobile platform. The SPYDER air defense system uses Derby missiles, with a range of 35 kilometers, and Python 5 missiles, capable of intercepting targets at a distance of up to 20 kilometers. According to the developers, mounting all short- and medium-range air defense components on one platform is the optimal solution for a new generation of air defense.
Israel Aerospace Industries introduced the AIR LORA ballistic missile. The AIR LORA missile is based on the Israeli LORA ballistic missiles, but the missile can now be launched from aircraft. The AIR LORA missile is designed to destroy protected targets, command centers and other infrastructure. The missile's advanced INS/GPS navigation and reliable protection against GNSS interference, as well as a 90-degree angle of attack, allow it to confidently hit targets. The missile is equipped with an inertial navigation system for target guidance, which is combined with GPS navigation. The characteristics of the rocket were not reported. The approximate probable deviation of the missile from the target does not exceed 10 meters. The missile warhead has a mass of 240, 400-440 and 600 kg. Depending on the warhead, the maximum flight range of the missile also varies; it ranges from approximately 90 to 430 kilometers; when launched from an aircraft, the missile flies further. The approximate diameter of the rocket is 625 mm, length - 5.2 meters, weight - 1600 kg.
Gravity-throwing trebuchets have been spotted in the Israeli army on the border with Lebanon. Previously, trebuchets were seen in Syria. There are no official comments yet from the leadership of the Israeli army. The first mention of a trebuchet throwing machine appeared in China in the 5th century BC, then in a modified form they appeared all over the world. Trebuchet are usually intended for the siege of cities, but in history there have been cases of their use on ships. Building a trebuchet in such a way as to ensure the required range, accuracy and reliability of fire is not easy. All proportions must be perfectly balanced, and this can be achieved either by knowledge of geometry and mechanics, or by long practical experience.