Against the backdrop of the latest news about the S-300 and S-400 air defense systems, this can also be said about the MIM-104 Patriot air defense system; we are publishing data on the effectiveness of these systems in defeating ballistic missiles. Let's start with the fact that 100% air defense is not yet in the world; it is wrong to judge the effectiveness of air defense systems by the effectiveness of intercepting ballistic missiles. The main function of the S-300, S-400 and Patriot air defense systems is to defeat aerodynamic targets flying horizontally, such as airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles and large UAVs. It is worth noting that in order to intercept cruise missiles, the air defense system must have a radar to detect low-flying targets; in practice, this is not always the case. The defeat of ballistic missiles is a secondary function of these and air defense systems of this class developed in other countries. A ballistic missile is a difficult target; the Russian Iskander ballistic missile reaches speeds of up to 7,300 km/h in the final phase of its flight, and the American ATACMS missile reaches 3,700 km/h. The difficulty of defeating ballistic missiles is that the missiles develop high speed and approach the target from above, air defense crews do not always have time to detect them, and there is little time left to hit the target. It is also worth noting that the radars of modern air defense systems do not work all the time, since they have their own resource. There is little data on hitting ballistic targets, but it is known. The probability of intercepting a ballistic missile from the Patriot PAC-3 air defense system is from 60 to 80%, provided that there is no interference and the target is not maneuvering. The S-300 air defense system is capable of hitting a ballistic missile with a probability of 50 to 65%. The S-400 air defense system is capable of hitting a ballistic missile with a probability of no higher than 80%, also in ideal conditions. Thus, it is incorrect to judge the effectiveness of current air defense systems based on their capabilities.
Russian Armed Forces
- Thread starter Stealth
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The Russian army began conducting exercises to storm the positions of a mock enemy on motorcycles. The video shows the rapid approach of motorized riflemen to enemy positions and the occupation of trenches. The location of the shooting and the models of equipment used are not disclosed.
Russian developers TsNIITochmash continue testing the Lotos self-propelled guns; the unit may soon enter service with the troops. Preliminary tests of the airborne 120-mm self-propelled gun 2S42 were carried out back in 2023; the self-propelled gun is being developed for airborne and marine units. The 2S42 Lotos self-propelled gun is designed to replace the existing 2S9 Nona-S self-propelled guns and will complement the family of the new Vena self-propelled guns and Phlox self-propelled guns, which we previously showed. It is worth noting that the Vena self-propelled gun is a more advanced solution, but also more expensive. The Lotos self-propelled gun is made on the basis of the BMD-4M with an extended hull and the addition of two rollers on the chassis, this reduces the cost of production and simplifies maintenance. The self-propelled gun has a 120 mm gun that combines the properties of a cannon, howitzer and mortar; it can also use “Kitolov” guided projectiles. The self-propelled gun turret has a highly automated fighting compartment, the rate of fire of the 2S42 “Lotos” is up to 8 rounds per minute, at a range of up to 13 km, the “simultaneous fire attack” firing mode is used. Ammunition - about 40 shots. To protect the crew, a 7.62 mm Kalashnikov tank machine gun is used. The Lotos self-propelled gun has a mass of 18 tons and reaches a speed of up to 70 km/h, with a cruising range of at least 500 km. The combat crew of the vehicle is four people.
The video shows a Russian homemade 73mm cannon, created from a 2A28 Grom cannon, removed from a BMP-1 and mounted on a wheeled chassis from a 2B9 Vasilek automatic mortar. The maximum firing range of a homemade artillery gun is 4400 meters, the sighting range is up to 1300 meters.
Mobile shelters from nuclear weapons are being created in Russia. The mobile shelter "KUB-M" is a modular type, developed by the scientific organization of the Ministry of Emergency Situations - VNII GOChS. The KUB-M shelter provides protection from the air shock wave and light radiation of a nuclear explosion and its consequences, as well as from the high-explosive and fragmentation effects of conventional weapons. It has an autonomous water supply system of 440 liters, a partial regeneration system for internal air, a 15 kW/h diesel power plant, everything you need, all designed for 48 hours. The shelter can be connected to existing utility networks. It is worth noting that there are many underground shelters in Russia, but most of them are abandoned. The basic “KUB-M” configuration accommodates 54 people and a technical unit; the shelter can be expanded with additional modules. If necessary, the nuclear shelter can be transported by road or rail. The production, transportation and installation of the KUB-M shelter is two times cheaper than the construction of a stationary shelter; its production and installation takes only three months.
The Russian electric unmanned helicopter "Alpha-E" was shown by the company "Quiet Wings". "Alpha-E". The Alpha-E helicopter-type UAV can perform comprehensive horizontal and vertical inspections, aeromagnetic reconnaissance, airborne laser scanning and aerial photography. It is possible that it can also be used by the military, the drone’s carrying capacity is up to 7 kg, which allows it to take a lot of ammunition. The drone can be equipped with a loudspeaker, spotlight, laser scanner, and aerial camera.
For navigation, the drone uses all currently existing satellite navigation systems. The Alpha-E helicopter drone is small enough that it can be transported in a car since the length of the drone is only 3 meters and its weight is 26 kg. The Alpha-E unmanned helicopter can operate at a range of up to 120 km, at altitudes of up to 1,100 meters at speeds of up to 120 km/h. The maximum flight time is 95 minutes. The price and elemental base of the drone are not reported.
For navigation, the drone uses all currently existing satellite navigation systems. The Alpha-E helicopter drone is small enough that it can be transported in a car since the length of the drone is only 3 meters and its weight is 26 kg. The Alpha-E unmanned helicopter can operate at a range of up to 120 km, at altitudes of up to 1,100 meters at speeds of up to 120 km/h. The maximum flight time is 95 minutes. The price and elemental base of the drone are not reported.
Improved Russian GShG-7.62 machine gun for protection against naval drones. Russian engineer Igor Vasiliev (possibly Ivan Vasiliev), modified the Soviet four-barreled machine gun GShG-7.62, developed in 1968. Now, several machine guns for testing will be installed on helicopters and boats of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. Reportedly, the most effective was hitting Ukrainian naval drones with a machine gun in the doorway of helicopters. The GShG-7.62 machine gun was made electro-mechanical, with automatic operation both from a battery and from the energy of powder gases. Quite often the machine gun overheated; the rate of fire of the machine gun was up to 6000 rounds per minute. Igor Vasiliev figured out how to replace a gas engine with an electric one. The four-barreled machine gun GShG-7.62 was modernized - the mechanical automation was removed, an electric motor and mounts for collimator sights were installed. Now you can arbitrarily change the pace from 5 to 100 shots per second. This increased the time of continuous operation. The machine gun was tested in action while the ship was moving and pitching. The weapon easily hit a meter-long target from a distance of 150–200 meters.
Homemade protection against FPV drones, the so-called king-barbecue, began to be installed on Russian BTR-82A. The armored personnel carrier is also equipped with a homemade mine trawl made from chains. The design of the protection is of course archaic, but now it is more effective than the current electronic warfare systems that protect equipment from FPV drones. It is worth noting that the development of protection and weapons against FPV drones is underway in many countries, but there are still no effectively working and mass-produced copies.
Footage of Russian military personnel using a robotic remote-controlled platform designed for cargo delivery. Despite the high center of gravity, judging by the video, the platform is stable. It is not reported whether it is a homemade design or a factory version, the model name is also unknown. The robotic complex on a wheeled platform is driven by electric motors and controlled using a joystick and tablet. The robotic platform can reach speeds of up to 40 km/h and has a range of up to 40 km. The carrying capacity of the transport platform is up to 250 kilograms.
The Kalashnikov concern has begun serial production of the Russian modernized complex with the Granat-4 UAV; the drone is already in use by the troops. The UAV is produced by the Izhmash - Unmanned Systems company and is designed for reconnaissance of terrain using photo, video and thermal imaging equipment and transmission of the received information over a distance of up to 70 km. Upgraded in 2024, the Granat-4 UAV can now illuminate targets for use by artillery, adjustable artillery ammunition "Krasnopol", "Kitolov" and "Gran", target designation range is up to 3 km. There are few details about the new version; it is known that the control point based on the KamAZ truck used since 2022 has been abandoned. Now remote sets of equipment and more mobile vehicles are used. The Granat-4 UAV is made of composite materials and weighs 30 kg. The UAV is equipped with an internal combustion engine and reaches speeds of up to 140 km/h, with a flight altitude of up to 2000 meters, the UAV flight time is up to 6 hours. The Granat-4 UAV is launched from a catapult and lands by parachute.
The Kalashnikov Concern announced the start of production by the Research Institute of Steel, a Russian modified anti-fragmentation blanket "Egida-U". The video shows the testing of the first version of the Aegis anti-fragmentation blanket. The protective blanket is designed to protect against fragmentation and secondary explosion factors and provides both human protection and local protection when the blanket covers doorways, window openings and other objects. The first version of the protective blanket “Aegis-” stopped more than 85% of fragments of F-1 and RGN grenades; the fragments that managed to pierce the blanket could not cause harm because they had lost their damaging power. Also, a Stechkin pistol with a 9 mm caliber could not penetrate it. The reinforced anti-fragmentation blanket "Egida-U" guarantees complete protection against F-1 and RGN grenades from distances of 3 and 5 meters.
Protective capes can be connected with loops to each other and increase the protection area.
The improved Egida-U protective blanket has been modified to protect against detection by night vision devices and thermal imaging sights. It is also radio transparent and can be used to protect radar station nodes. The Egida-U protective blanket is made of high-strength ballistic aramid fabric and UHMWPE and has a weight of 10 kg, the dimensions of the blanket are 1000 by 2000 millimeters. The price of the Egida-U protective blanket is about 170 thousand rubles or 1900 dollars.
Protective capes can be connected with loops to each other and increase the protection area.
The improved Egida-U protective blanket has been modified to protect against detection by night vision devices and thermal imaging sights. It is also radio transparent and can be used to protect radar station nodes. The Egida-U protective blanket is made of high-strength ballistic aramid fabric and UHMWPE and has a weight of 10 kg, the dimensions of the blanket are 1000 by 2000 millimeters. The price of the Egida-U protective blanket is about 170 thousand rubles or 1900 dollars.
Rare footage of the Russian 120-mm towed gun 2B16 “Nona-K”. The towed gun is quite rare, there are about 100 of them in the Russian army. Previously, we showed the use of the gun by the Ukrainian army, but it was taken from a museum. The Nona-K gun was produced from 1986 to 1989 and combines the capabilities of a cannon, howitzer and mortar; the gun was designed taking into account combat operations in Afghanistan, but was not used there. The 2B16 gun is a towed version of the 2A51 gun, mounted on the 2S9 Nona-S self-propelled artillery gun. The Nona-K gun can fire conventional rifled shells and mines, which are also suitable for a conventional 120-mm mortar. Table of shells and their data on the screen. In terms of their effectiveness, some types of 120-mm shells of this gun are close to 152-mm howitzer shells. The firing range of the Nona-K gun with an active-missile projectile is up to 12,800 meters; it is also possible to use Kitolov-2 guided projectiles. The rate of fire of the 2B16 “Nona-K” gun is up to 10 rounds per minute, the crew of the gun is up to 5 people, the weight is 1200 kg.
Russian military transport aviation ceases operation of the world's largest turboprop transport aircraft, the An-22 Antey. From 2024, the operation of An-22 aircraft will cease, as announced by the commander of the Military Transport Aviation, Lieutenant General Vladimir Benediktov. The lieutenant general clarified that during the existence of the project, a total of 67 An-22 aircraft were produced, some of them are located in Ukraine. According to Benediktov, the 12th Military Transport Aviation Division currently uses the world’s largest mass-produced aircraft, the An-124 Ruslan. The AN-22 made its first flight in 1965; it was produced at the Tashkent aircraft plant; in 1976, turboprop engines began to be considered obsolete and AN-22 aircraft were no longer produced. Instead, they began to produce the Il-76 turbojet military transport aircraft. The AN-22 has a mass of 114,000 kg and is capable of transporting up to 60 tons of cargo over a range of up to 5,250 km, developing a cruising speed of up to 560 km/h and a maximum speed of up to 760 km/h, with a flight altitude of up to 9,000 meters. The practical flight range of the An-22 is up to 10,950 km, crew up to 7 people. The height of the An-22 aircraft is more than 12.5 meters, length is 57 meters, wingspan is 64.4 meters. At the moment, the only air unit using these aircraft in Russia was the 12th Military Transport Aviation Mginskaya Red Banner Division, based at the Migalovo airfield in Tver. As of 2024, it included four An-22s.
Footage of a demonstration in Russia, protecting an object with a network from drone attacks. It is worth noting that factory-made protective networks against drones have already begun to be sold. Protecting objects with a network is a fairly simple solution, but it is also the most effective if there are no group attacks by drones.