SAMs , Radars & Air Defense system in use of Pakistan | World Defense

SAMs , Radars & Air Defense system in use of Pakistan

Scorpio

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Here is detail of SAMS used by Pakistan
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Ly80 (HQ-16)
The Hong Qi 16 (Red Flag 16) or HQ-16 is a Chinese medium-range air defence missile system. Its development commenced in 2005. It is based on the Soviet Shtil naval air defence system, which in turn is a version of the Buk. China obtained the Russian Shtil air defence systems from Russia for use on their Sovremenny class and Type 052B class destroyers. Development of the Chinese missile was reportedly assisted by the Russian Almaz-Antey company. The HQ-16 can be seen as a Chinese improved equivalent of the Buk. The HQ-16 reached operational capability with the Chinese armed forces in 2011. Currently the HQ-16 is being widely used in China. Export version of this air defence system has been exported to Pakistan.
Even though HQ-16 uses Buk technology, it has some significant differences. Launchers of the Chinese SAM system are based on 6x6 high mobility truck rather than a tracked chassis. However radar is carried by another truck. Missiles are store in containers and are launched vertically.
In Chinese armed forces the HQ-16 fits the gap between the short-range HQ-7 and medium- to long range HQ-9. This air defence system is mainly used to protect stationary assets such as airfields, command posts, concentration of troops, bridges, and other important targets.
Missile of the HQ-16 evolved from the Soviet 9M38 missile, used by the Buk. However the Chinese missile is more capable than its predecessor.
The HQ-16 has a maximum range against aircraft of 40 km. It can engage cruise missiles at a range of 3.5 to 18 km. This air defence system can engage very low flying and high altitude targets. It can reach targets at an altitude of up to 18 km. Claimed hit probability of an aircraft with a single missile is 85%. Hit probability of a cruise missile is 60%.
The HQ-16 launcher is based on Taian TA5350 6x6 special wheeled chassis. The TEL carries 6 containers with missiles. Missiles are launcher vertically. Two missiles can be launched within a short period of time.
A battery of the HQ-16 consists of four launcher vehicles, command post, two radar vehicles, missile transport and reloading vehicles, power supply vehicles and so on. Most of them are based on the same 6x6 high mobility chassis.
The radar detects enemy aircraft at a range of 140 km and altitude of 20 km. The radar can detect up to 144 and track up to 48 targets simultaneously.

FM-90 (HQ-7)
The original HongQi 7 (HQ-7) short-range air defence missile system has been developed in China in the 1980s. It was a copy of the French Crotale. In 1978-1979 China imported some of the Thomson-CSF Crotale systems for evaluation and reverse engineered them. First Chinese clone was produced for testing in 1983. Its production commenced in the late 1980s. Sometimes it is referred as Sino-Crotale. Its improved variant, the HQ-7A, was introduced in 1998.
The HQ-7B is the latest version, based on an indigenous 6x6 armoured chassis. It was first revealed somewhere in 2009. This air defence system is widely used by the Chinese armed forces. It is also being proposed for export customers as the FM-90. This air defence system has been exported to Pakistan.
A TELAR vehicle carries four missiles and is fitted with engagement radar. It appears that engagement radar is similar to that of the previous HQ-7A.
The missile is 3 m long and weight 84.5 kg. It has a solid fuel rocket motor. It gives the missile a maximum speed of 900 m/s and a range of 15 km. It can engage helicopters, aircraft, cruise missiles, air-to-ground missiles and anti-radiation missiles at a range of up to 15 km. Minimum range of fire is 700 m. Maximum altitude is 6 000 m. Missile has a 15 kg High-Explosive Fragmentation (HE-FRAG) warhead with contact and proximity fuses. It is claimed that a hit probability with a single shot is more than 85%.
The TELAR vehicle is operated by a crew of three. Armor of this vehicle provides protection against small arms fire and artillery shell splinters. It has improved mobility over previous versions versions, based on 4x4 chassis. Hence it is more versatile, as the original French Crotale was developed as a point defence system. It not intended to follow infantry or mechanized units, so mobility for the French designers was not priority.
Acquisition radar is based on the same 6x6 armoured chassis, as the launcher vehicle. It is more capable unit, than on the previous versions of the HQ-7. It is fitted with an S-band Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) antenna. It can detect up to 48 targets and track up to 24 targets simultaneously. Maximum detection range is 25 km. Maximum tracking range is 20 km.
It seems that a battery of HQ-7B consists of one vehicle with acquisition radar and three TELAR vehicles. Also each battery is supported by a maintenance group with 10 support vehicles.

LY-60
The LY-60 (Lie Ying, "Falcon") is a surface-to-air missile system deployed by the People's Liberation Army. It entered service among air defence units beginning in 1994 and was unveiled by the Chinese Precision Machinery Import-Export Company or CPMIEC at the International Weapons Systems Exhibition, "Defendory '94," held in Piraeus, Greece in October 1994. Capable of intercepting air targets at medium and low altitudes, it supports advanced command and control features not found in any of its Western contemporaries.
A LY-60 battery consists of a surveillance radar, three tracking/illumination radars, six Transporter / Erector / Launcher (TEL)s, and support equipment mounted on trucks. Between these systems, it can detect 40, track 12 and engage 3. Incorporating the moving target tracking processing system as well as frequency agility technology gives the missile system excellent capability in an electronic warfare environment.
The LY-60 uses semi-active radar homing with a single shot kill probability of between 60 - 70%. The missile has two pairs of fully movable front wings and four fixed tail fins with a wingspan of 680 millimeters. The wings and fins aerodynamic placement are in a X-X pattern.
The LY-60 missile consists of 4 major modules in the following order: homing, warhead, control and engine. The homing module consists of the cowling for antenna, homing system, fuse and power supply. The warhead consists of the 33 kg warhead with prefabricated shell fragments in the form of steel balls, arming circuit and safety. The control module consists of the autopilot, hydraulic system, servo system, frequency mixer for the homing module, the four movable wings, dropout plug and the forward suspension device. The engine module consists of the solid state rocket motor, four fixed tail fins, ignition plug and rear suspension device.
Specifications:
Length: 3.69 m
Diameter: 203 mm
Wingspan: 1 m
Weight: 220 kg
Warhead 33 kg
Speed: Mach 3
Maximum Flight Speed: 600 meters per second
Range Normal: 30 meters - 12000 meters
Slant: 10 meters - 18000 meters
Guidance Semi-Active Radar Homing
 

Scorpio

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Interesting progress not form pakistan but a very positive news as we too now using JY-27
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A Chinese-made type JY-27 radar deployed by Venezuelan Air Defense detected a United States F22 stealth aircraft as it approached the country’s airspace and sent a warning to the American fighter jet on Tuesday.
According to Avia Pro website, following the incident the Venezuelan army issued a warning to the US Air Force on May 12 that it was ready to fire without warning at any American aircraft if it tried to violate the country’s airspace.
The F-22 had attempted to violate the country's borders in a “provocative manner,” information released by the site said quoting unnamed military sources.
The website said that the radar that detected the top-of-the-line American fighter is a Chinese-made radar type JY-27.
The incident follows the May 6 failed invasion attempt when mercenaries hired by a US security contractor were intercepted before they could carry out a mission to assassinate Venezuelan President Nicholas Maduro. Two US citizens, part of the invading party, have been arrested.
The Chinese made type JY-27 radar JY-27 ‘Wide Mat’ long-range early warning radar is claimed to detect stealth aircraft up to 500 km radius. The radar once tracked an F-22 in the South China Sea which was on its way to South Korea from the US, Chinese media has claimed.
China had revealed the radar at the 2016 Zhuhai air show. Called the JY-27A 3-D, it is a Very High Frequency (VHF) active phased array radar. VHF radars, with their longer wavelengths are capable of detecting stealth aircraft.
The radar is said to have been sold to several countries including Venezuela and Pakistan. If the Venezuelan detection of the F-22 is proven, then it is bad news for the US military which has developed the F-22 and F-35 on the assumption that enemy radars will not be able to detect these aircraft until it is too late to avoid an attack.
The radar is mounted on a mobile platform which enables it to move away after detecting the enemy aircraft, thus avoiding counter-measures.

 
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Crystal-Clear

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Interesting progress not form pakistan but a very positive news as we too now using JY-27
View attachment 12874
A Chinese-made type JY-27 radar deployed by Venezuelan Air Defense detected a United States F22 stealth aircraft as it approached the country’s airspace and sent a warning to the American fighter jet on Tuesday.
According to Avia Pro website, following the incident the Venezuelan army issued a warning to the US Air Force on May 12 that it was ready to fire without warning at any American aircraft if it tried to violate the country’s airspace.
The F-22 had attempted to violate the country's borders in a “provocative manner,” information released by the site said quoting unnamed military sources.
The website said that the radar that detected the top-of-the-line American fighter is a Chinese-made radar type JY-27.
The incident follows the May 6 failed invasion attempt when mercenaries hired by a US security contractor were intercepted before they could carry out a mission to assassinate Venezuelan President Nicholas Maduro. Two US citizens, part of the invading party, have been arrested.
The Chinese made type JY-27 radar JY-27 ‘Wide Mat’ long-range early warning radar is claimed to detect stealth aircraft up to 500 km radius. The radar once tracked an F-22 in the South China Sea which was on its way to South Korea from the US, Chinese media has claimed.
China had revealed the radar at the 2016 Zhuhai air show. Called the JY-27A 3-D, it is a Very High Frequency (VHF) active phased array radar. VHF radars, with their longer wavelengths are capable of detecting stealth aircraft.
The radar is said to have been sold to several countries including Venezuela and Pakistan. If the Venezuelan detection of the F-22 is proven, then it is bad news for the US military which has developed the F-22 and F-35 on the assumption that enemy radars will not be able to detect these aircraft until it is too late to avoid an attack.
The radar is mounted on a mobile platform which enables it to move away after detecting the enemy aircraft, thus avoiding counter-measures.
great news indeed .
.
.
link plz.
 

Scorpio

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AN/TPS-77 3-D long-range surveillance radar
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Meanwhile the large number of high tech radar systems provide Pakistan continuous gap free surveillance of it's air space , radar systems such as the US AN/TPS-77 (a mobile, active phased array,

long range, L-band, 3D solid-state radardesigned to perform airspace surveillance missions) or the (AN/TPS-77 3-D long-range surveillance radar that has accurate target data at ranges up to 250 nautical miles and elevations up to 100,000 feet) provide Pakistan this advantage and can operate 24hours a day, even with no on-site personnel. These radars are also capable of eliminate the danger of deception jamming.
 

Scorpio

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Pakistan aiming to procure radomes for its AN/TPS-77 and YLC-18A radar systems
Gabriel Dominguez, London - Jane's Defence

The Directorate of Procurement (Air) for the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has issued invitations for tenders to procure an undisclosed number of radomes for the service's Lockheed Martin AN/TPS-77 and China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC) YLC-18A ground-based air-defence radar systems.
The move, which was announced on 11 March, comes after Pakistan's Ministry of Defence Production (MoDP) revealed in its yearbook for 2017-18, which was released in September 2019, that the PAF had placed an order worth USD24.9 million for five of the Chinese-made YLC-18A radars.


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Specifications of the YLC-18A Long Range Three Dimension Low Altitude Blind Compensation Radar:
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  1. Frequency: Three Dimension Radar
  2. Band: L-Band
  3. Azimuth: 360°
  4. Scanning Technology: Pencil Beam Scan and Phased Array System Scanning Technology
  5. Total Detection Range of YLC-18A Radar: >500 Kilometers
  6. Accuracy of YLC-18A Radar: 200 Kilometers
  7. Height of YLC-18A Radar: <500 m(R: <200km); 750 m(R: 300km)
  8. Resolution Range: <100 Meters
  9. Total Elevation Range: 0.50 – +200
  10. Angle Measurement System: Monopulse Angle Measurement
  11. Signal Processor: Advanced Programmable Digital Signal Processing
  12. Signal Transmitter of YLC-18A Radar: Distributed High Power Solid-State Transmitter
  13. Frequency Diversity Option: Yes
  14. Antenna aperture of YLC-18A Radar: 7m x 9m
  15. Antenna sidelobe level of YLC-18A Radar: -35dB
  16. Rated Power Output of YLC-18A Radar: 5.5 KW
  17. Peak Rated Power of YLC-18A Radar: 85 KW
  18. MTI improvement factor: 44dB
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AN/TPS-77

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Figure 1: AN/TPS-77 Antenna Group

Specifications
frequency:1 215 … 1 400 MHz
pulse repetition time (PRT):
pulse repetition frequency (PRF):
pulsewidth (τ):51.2 µs (short range)
409.6 µs (long-range)
receive time:
dead time:
peak power:19.9 kW
average power:3.6 kW
instrumented range:5 to 250 NM (10 to 470 km)
range resolution:
accuracy:
beamwidth:
hits per scan:1 … 3
antenna rotation:5, 6, 10, 12 r.p.m.
MTBCF:> 2 000 h
MTTR:
AN/TPS-77 (formerly known as the AN/TPS-117) is an L-Band, 3-D, tactical transportable long-range air surveillance radar. It is a mobile version of the AN/FPS-117. It features 80 percent commonality with the FPS-117.


The AN/TPS-77 uses an active electronically scanned array (AESA), to generate a number of pencil beams. The planar antenna is made up of 34 rows with 34 solid-state row transmit/receive (TR) modules into a single line replaceable unit (LRU) located on the antenna array and directly coupled to their antenna elements. These TR-modules are called Digital Array Row Transceiver (DART), and employs Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology to provide increased reliability, extend the service life of the radar, and reduce life-cycle costs. The exciter and final receiver are located in the platform electronics unit mounted at the base of the antenna itself.

The radar use a variety of interference rejection techniques. These include greater than 10 percent agile bandwidth, pulse-to-pulse frequency agility, low side-lobes, sidelobe blanking, MTI and constant false alarm rate processing, pseudo-random pulse repetition frequency, pseudo-random beam positioning, and a linear frequency-modulated waveform.

The processing equipment, along with customized operator interface and communications equipment, is located in a single ISO shelter. It can be operated remotely. The whole radar can be deployed in a single C-130 aircraft and by only two medium
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ali razza

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AN/TPS-77 3-D long-range surveillance radar
View attachment 12876

Meanwhile the large number of high tech radar systems provide Pakistan continuous gap free surveillance of it's air space , radar systems such as the US AN/TPS-77 (a mobile, active phased array,

long range, L-band, 3D solid-state radardesigned to perform airspace surveillance missions) or the (AN/TPS-77 3-D long-range surveillance radar that has accurate target data at ranges up to 250 nautical miles and elevations up to 100,000 feet) provide Pakistan this advantage and can operate 24hours a day, even with no on-site personnel. These radars are also capable of eliminate the danger of deception jamming.
this system is the best thing we have soo far
 

Scorpio

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JY-27A radar spotted in Pakistan
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Sean O’Connor, Indianapolis - Jane's Defence Weekly

Key Points
  • Jane's has identified a JY-27A CVLO radar in imagery captured of Mianwali Air Base in Pakistan
  • A modern VHF-band system, China's JY-27A was not previously known to have been exported to Pakistan
Satellite imagery captured on 29 August has revealed a China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC) JY-27A counter-very-low-observable (CVLO) radar at Mianwali Air Base (AB) in Pakistan. Imagery examination indicates the radar arrived between 5 June and 29 August and was not yet fully erected as of 2 September.
The sale of the JY-27A to Pakistan has gone unnoticed in the open press, with most air-defence-related reporting concerned with Pakistan's desire to import advanced Chinese surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems.

According to CETC, the JY-27A radar has the ability to detect low-observable (LO) or ‘stealth’ aircraft, including the French Dassault Rafale jets, at long-range. While its range is not yet revealed, military observers pegged its capability at roughly 500 km (310 miles).

In addition, the JY-27A is resistant to jamming and also provides situational awareness of incoming ballistic missiles
 

Khafee

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@Scorpio Can you include the HQ-9b as well please.

Thanks!
 

Scorpio

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Pakistan Considering HQ-9B

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According to in Pakistan’s Ministry of Defence Production, the South Asian State’s armed forces are considering the acquisition of four units of HQ-9B (FD-2000) surface to air missile systems from China to enhance the country’s air defence network. The country currently relies heavily on the medium ranged HQ-16 (LY-80) system to protect its airspace, though it was long speculated that this would be followed by a purchase of a longer ranged system given the closeness of defence cooperation between the two neighbouring powers and the increasing emphasis Pakistani doctrine has placed on air defence. The HQ-9B is among the most capable long range air defence systems in the world, and was recently deployed by China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to the South China Sea to safeguard the country’s territorial claims and protect outlying artificial islands.

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The HQ-9B deploys two stage long range missiles armed with 180kg warheads, and can intercept targets at speeds of up to Mach 4.2. Missiles make use of thrust vector control, and are guided by a combination of inertial guidance, mid course uplink and active radar terminal guidance systems. The platform can reportedly engage targets at ranges over 250km - though at lower altitudes this engagement range will be considerably reduced. A more advanced derivative of the platform, the HQ-9C, is reportedly currently under development - and is expected to have capabilities comparable to the Russian S-300V4 and S-400 - both of which can intercept targets at hypersonic speeds of up to Mach 15.

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Renewed Pakistani interest in the HQ-9B comes shortly after India contracted Russian S-400 missile systems to modernise its own air defence capabilities. With Islamabad likely to face considerable U.S. economic sanctions should it seek Russian or North Korean platforms for long range air defence, and with Russia nevertheless prohibited from selling platforms similar to the S-400 to Pakistan under the terms of the contract to sell the platform to India, China remains the only potential source of a high end capability in this field. The Indian S-400 is expected to be a major game changer of the balance of power near the Indian-Pakistani border - one which Pakistan plans to counter not only be developing more capable ballistic missiles capable of evading interception, but also but also by acquiring high end long range air defences of its own. Pakistan currently has no analogue to even the older S-300 currently deployed by the Indian military, and acquiring the HQ-9B will do much to create a more equal balance of power in the air. The system will form an effective complement to both the HQ-16 and the advanced Chinese PL-12 air to air missiles deployed by the Pakistani Air Force’s JF-17 Thunder combat jets, which while very light and short ranged are potentially highly capable

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HQ-9 information
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Quick Facts
PRC DesignationHQ-9
VariantsHQ-9A, HQ-9B, HQ-9C, HHQ-9, HHQ-9A, FD-2000, FT-2000
Mobility and RoleGround-based/road-mobile; long-range air and missile defense
Range100km (FT-2000), 200 km (HQ-9), 250 km (HQ-9A), or 300 km (HQ-9B)
SensorsHT-223 Multifunction radar for illuminating and homing
-X-Band
-120 km target detection range
-90 km target tracking range
TargetsLow-flying aircraft, cruise missiles, air-to-ground missiles, and tactical ballistic missiles
Status/ExportsOperational; Exported to Algeria, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan
Designer/ProducerChina Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC)
Overview

The Hong Qi-9 (HQ-9) is a ground-based, extended range, mobile air defense system developed by the People’s Republic of China and based extensively on the Russian S-300 PMU system.HQ-9 – Missile Defense Advocacy AllianceSince its initial development in 1997, HQ-9 has undergone significant upgrades and spurred naval, anti-radiation, and export-designated variants. Most land-based HQ-9 variants can hit targets at ranges of up to 200 kilometers and altitudes of up to 30,000 meters.While its single-shot kill probability is as high as 90 percent against airplanes, it may be much lower—about 30 percent—against ballistic missiles.

VariantModifications
HQ-9AImproved electronic equipment and software provide the 9A with higher accuracy and probability of kill
HQ-9BLonger 300 km range; an additional seeker provides semi-active radar homing and infrared homing modes
HQ-9CCurrently in development; incorporates fully active radar homing
HHQ-9Naval variant identical to HQ-9; launched from VLS tubes in Lanzhou class destroyers
HHQ-9ANaval variant identical to HQ-9A
FD-2000Identical to original HQ-9, but designed for export with minor electronic improvements
FT-2000Anti-radiation system; range of up to 100 km
Each HQ-9 launcher contains four missiles stored in individual containers and is transported on Taian TA5380 8×8 high mobility chassis.HQ-9’s standard HT-233 engagement radar can track 100 targets and engage 50 of them at a range of 100 km.A normal PLA HQ-9 battery includes “a command vehicle, six control vehicles, 6 targeting radar vehicles, 6 search-radar vehicles, 48 missile-launch vehicles, and 192 missiles.”[HQ-9 can use a variety of radar sensors to detect different targets, including ballistic missiles and stealth objects. A battery may include HT-233 engagement radar, H-200 mobile engagement radar, and a number of search radars like the Type 120 low altitude acquisition radar, Type 305A 3D acquisition radar, or Type 305B 3D acquisition radar.

Strategic Implications
HQ-9 represents the backbone of the Chinese missile defense program. Its complicated lineage reflects the changing demands and constraints of Chinese air defenses over time. The original HQ-9 was reportedly born out of the United States’ technological superiority and victory in the Gulf War, which awakened Beijing to the fact that its air defenses were lacking against precision-guided munitions, stealth aircraft, and airborne C4I.Original HQ-9 interceptors traveled slower than comparable Western or Russian systems, in part due to the HQ-9 missile’s massive 180-kg warhead. However, recent upgrades like the HQ-9A and HQ-9B offer faster, lighter interceptors. Modern HQ-9B interceptors use inertial guidance during flight and active radar homing during their terminal phase, enhancing the probability of kill against several targets. HQ-9 fills the role of medium-long range defense in Chinese aerial defense systems, though in recent years it has been replaced by the HQ-18.


HQ-9-TEL-Demonstrator-APA-4S.jpg
AAPSSMTD65DALLHNYETZ3G3PLA.jpg

________________________________________________
 
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Pakistan Considering HQ-9B to Enhance Air Defence Capability
View attachment 12879View attachment 12880

According to in Pakistan’s Ministry of Defence Production, the South Asian State’s armed forces are considering the acquisition of four units of HQ-9B (FD-2000) surface to air missile systems from China to enhance the country’s air defence network. The country currently relies heavily on the medium ranged HQ-16 (LY-80) system to protect its airspace, though it was long speculated that this would be followed by a purchase of a longer ranged system given the closeness of defence cooperation between the two neighbouring powers and the increasing emphasis Pakistani doctrine has placed on air defence. The HQ-9B is among the most capable long range air defence systems in the world, and was recently deployed by China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to the South China Sea to safeguard the country’s territorial claims and protect outlying artificial islands.



The HQ-9B deploys two stage long range missiles armed with 180kg warheads, and can intercept targets at speeds of up to Mach 4.2. Missiles make use of thrust vector control, and are guided by a combination of inertial guidance, mid course uplink and active radar terminal guidance systems. The platform can reportedly engage targets at ranges over 250km - though at lower altitudes this engagement range will be considerably reduced. A more advanced derivative of the platform, the HQ-9C, is reportedly currently under development - and is expected to have capabilities comparable to the Russian S-300V4 and S-400 - both of which can intercept targets at hypersonic speeds of up to Mach 15.



Renewed Pakistani interest in the HQ-9B comes shortly after India contracted Russian S-400 missile systems to modernise its own air defence capabilities. With Islamabad likely to face considerable U.S. economic sanctions should it seek Russian or North Korean platforms for long range air defence, and with Russia nevertheless prohibited from selling platforms similar to the S-400 to Pakistan under the terms of the contract to sell the platform to India, China remains the only potential source of a high end capability in this field. The Indian S-400 is expected to be a major game changer of the balance of power near the Indian-Pakistani border - one which Pakistan plans to counter not only be developing more capable ballistic missiles capable of evading interception, but also but also by acquiring high end long range air defences of its own. Pakistan currently has no analogue to even the older S-300 currently deployed by the Indian military, and acquiring the HQ-9B will do much to create a more equal balance of power in the air. The system will form an effective complement to both the HQ-16 and the advanced Chinese PL-12 air to air missiles deployed by the Pakistani Air Force’s JF-17 Thunder combat jets, which while very light and short ranged are potentially highly capable

PAF AD will have its own setup, but usually you have a min of 3, and a max 6 launcher turucks, with one command & control vehicle, and one radar, this is one battery, which is networked with the AD network.

PAF AD could possibly get 5 batteries, or more.
 
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