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what do Jews and Muslims find offensive

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Researchers asked 2,500 Jewish and Muslim people what they find offensive – here's what they said
The Conversation December 11, 2019, 8:22 AM MST










Researchers asked Jewish and Muslim people in U.K. what they find offensive — here's what they said
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Accusations of antisemitism have been swirling around the Labour Party since Jeremy Corbyn’s election as leader in 2015. He has been accused of harbouring antisemitic views and offering public support to party colleagues labelled as antisemitic. Meanwhile, the Conservative Party have faced accusations of “endemic” Islamophobia.
In the run-up to the 2019 general election, the main political parties have repeatedly accused each other of antisemitism and Islamophobia. Away from politics, there are widespread concerns about prejudice targeting Jews and Muslims. But the narratives are often simplistic and without supporting data. We hear much from politicians, community leaders and experts. We hear far less from “everyday” people and know relatively little about what Jewish and Muslim members of the public are likely to find offensive.
<span class=caption>Asking 'everyday' people.</span> <span class=attribution><a class=link rapid-noclick-resp href=https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/group-british-muslim-women-texting-outside-588829172 rel=nofollow noopener target=_blank data-ylk=slk:MBI/Shutterstock>MBI/Shutterstock</a></span>
Asking 'everyday' people. MBI/Shutterstock
A recent study, published in Ethnic and Racial Studies, is the first known study to compare antisemitism and Islamophobia using statistics and found varying levels of sensitivity towards antisemitism and Islamophobia among British Jewish and Muslim communities. The study offers a rare insight into the sensitivities of “everyday” people within both communities.
Statements designed to reflect antisemitic attitudes were shown to nearly 1,500 Jewish people, and 1,000 Muslim respondents were shown statements designed to be Islamophobic:
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There was more certainty within the Jewish group about whether the statements were antisemitic or not. For each statement, only 1-3% of Jewish respondents answered “don’t know”. The Muslim group were less certain. For each Islamophobic statement shown to the Muslim respondents, between 15% and 22% answered “don’t know”.
Jewish respondents and Muslim respondents who knew how to “diagnose” the statements differed in their sensitivity towards them. The most offensive anti-Jewish statement was the statement about the Holocaust: 96% of Jews considered it antisemitic. Other statements were perceived as antisemitic by between 82% and 94% of Jews – large absolute majorities. Description of Israelis as being Nazi-like towards the Palestinians was seen as antisemitic by the smallest absolute majority of Jews, 73%. In stark contrast, none of the statements about attitudes towards Muslims were seen as Islamophobic by a majority of Muslim respondents.
Differences within each group
The study also found differences within each group. Jewish respondents aged over 40 were between 80% and 90% more likely to be sensitive than those aged between 18 and 39. Age was not a factor for Muslim respondents.
Education played an important role for both groups, but seemed to push sensitivity in opposite directions. Muslim respondents with degrees were 63% more likely to find all statements offensive. They were 70% more likely to be sensitive about Muslims not sharing western values. By contrast, Jewish respondents with degrees were 35% less likely than those without to be sensitive towards the linking of Israelis and Nazis. Jewish respondents in education were 66% less likely than those in employment to be sensitive to all the statements. They were 56% less likely to be sensitive to the linking of Israelis and Nazis.
Being born in the UK made a difference for both Jewish and Muslim groups. Jewish respondents born in the UK were 40% less likely to be sensitive towards the linking of Israelis and Nazis than those born in the rest of Europe. By contrast, UK-born Muslim respondents were around twice as likely as those born in Asia to be sensitive to all the statements
Explaining the findings
What does it all mean? How are we to explain the findings? The role of age in shaping sensitivity among the Jewish respondents could reflect the role of memory around the Holocaust and events such as the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the 1967 Six-Day War. Pivotal events shaping Islamophobia – the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, 9/11 and 7/7 – are more recent. When it comes to British Muslims and Islamophobia, perhaps the present matters more than the past.
Being born in the UK appeared to increase sensitivity for Muslim respondents but not for Jewish respondents. Perhaps present conditions in the UK are more likely to shape sensitivity towards Islamophobia than antisemitism (although the ongoing Labour Party row may be flattening out such differences).
The role of education suggests that understandings of Islamophobia are not equally distributed among British Muslims. This contrasts with antisemitism, with its longer history as a concept and demonstrably wider reach. Islamophobia is often debated at an elite-level in ways that are not always communicable to a wider audience. For example, the All-Party Parliamentary Group on British Muslims’ use of “expressions of Muslimness or perceived Muslimness” being targeted in its definition of Islamophobia seems highly likely to evade everyday understandings.
Whatever the true explanation, simplified descriptions of the impacts of antisemitism and Islamophobia on Jewish or Muslim communities simply won’t do. The study shows that assuming all Jews and all Muslims react to antisemitism and Islamophobia in the same way is likely to be inaccurate.
 

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Thanks for the invite Lieutenant. This issue has been excessively discussed before but to be fair let me invite our cousin from the other side of the house @Solomon2

Muslims and Jews have long co-existed and still to this day. Its not a religious clash rather a political one. Its Arabs vs Israel not Islam vs Judaism. This conflict started right after the Ottoman empire collapsed when British decided to ship European Jews to Palestine just to get rid of them. We all know anti-semitism that is prevalent in the world was exported by Europe. It is an alien to the Middle East if you have a bit background on the history of the Middle East. So again it a European issue not Muslims vs Jews. Its a actually Christians vs Jews and it started from the idea that Jews killed Jesus.

Both the Jews and the Muslims have contributed to religionize the Israeli Arab political conflict while the Europeans played well on that by pouring more oil into the fire, all for political purposes. To make long story short, the Ottoman collapsed and left a vacuum. That vacuum was later filled by Jews coming from Europe and it was easy for them to pour in due to the sense of belonging if we consider the religious history of the Israelite and because of the presence of Arab Jews, European Jews fitted in so quick. Some European countries like Germany, Poland and the UK pushed for Jew-state creation to make sure they never get back to Europe again. Arabs were the majority and ruled that land for thousand plus year recognized that the Jews were about to create their own state on "our lands" so from here the fight started. It has always been a political conflict at least from our prospective as Muslims not from the crusaders prospective. It was later when the Muslim Brotherhood movement was established things started getting stray. But to fair to the discussion, pan-Islamism is what brings Muslims together where one feel for another, help and provide all needed support. So its obvious that Muslims around the world share the same point of view when it comes to Palestine.
 
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